The global energy transition is not unfolding in straight lines. It is a contested and uneven process where climate ambition often collides with infrastructure gaps, and global priorities clash with local needs. Few sectors embody this tension more than coal: a fuel still essential to energy access, industrial growth, and economic stability in many regions, yet increasingly under pressure to wind down.
This is the central paradox. The world must decarbonise with urgency, but it cannot do so while leaving behind the billions who still lack reliable, affordable energy. This is where leadership is most needed, and where the coal industry now stands.
For over a decade, coal has been pulled in opposing directions. It has been tasked with delivering affordable power while reducing emissions, criticised in global forums yet…