Innholdsfortegnelse for Issue 140 i The Week Junior US

From December 7–19, representatives from nearly 200 nations are gathering in Montreal, Canada, for a summit called COP15. Their goal is to develop a plan to protect threatened plant and animal species. Scientists say that if countries do not take action, 25% of these species could go extinct (be eliminated) by 2100. What is COP15? COP stands for Conference of the Parties, and this is its 15th gathering. It is run by the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which first met in 1992. The United Nations (UN) is a group of 193 countries that work together on issues such as human rights, peace, and climate change. At COP15, about 10,000 elected officials, scientists, climate experts, business executives, and policymakers are discussing ways to halt and reverse a loss…

A ROYAL HONOR The UK has released the first coin featuring King Charles III, who took the throne in September after the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II. Nearly 10 million of the 50-pence ($0.61) coins will be released. The image of Charles faces left, which is the opposite of the way his mother faced on coins. CELEBRATING A LONG LIFE The world’s oldest living land animal just celebrated his 190th birthday. Jonathan the Seychelles giant tortoise feasted on a healthy cake on the island of St. Helena, where he has lived since the 1800s. “He’s just been here, enjoying himself,” said a caretaker. “He’s fabulous.” A BIG REVEAL On December 7, Time magazine named its person of the year: President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine. Zelensky was honored for…

As a 6-year-old growing up in Uruguay, Noelia González would pretend to be a news anchor. Now the multimedia journalist is the host and producer of Universo Curioso de la NASA, the first Spanish-language podcast from the US space agency. The podcast, which means “NASA’s Curious Universe” in English, features segments about the agency’s work in space. It started as a bonus episode of the Curious Universe miniseries about the James Webb Space Telescope. Universo Curioso is part of NASA’s mission to reach Spanish-speaking audiences in the US and around the world who may not be aware of the work the agency is doing. González, age 33, is fluent in Spanish and English. She studied science writing at the University of California Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. Her reporting has…

Honeybees prefer their numbers ordered from left to right, like many humans do, new research suggests. In the study, honeybees arranged numbers from smaller to larger, putting the smaller amounts on the left and the larger amounts on the right. Research suggests that people often do this too, even children who haven’t learned to count yet. This is referred to as a “mental number line.” Scientists wanted to explore whether bees have a mental number line as well. For the experiment, researchers had honeybees fly into a wood box. Then they enticed the bees with sugar water to fly to a panel with a “number” affixed to a wall of the box. (The number was actually a picture with geometric shapes, such as three triangles to represent the number 3.)…

“Why do lions hold their cubs by their neck?”Gabriel, 9, Illinois Jenna Wingate Zookeeper, Africa, Cincinnati Zoo Lions carry cubs by their neck to move them to safe places away from dangerous animals. Cubs have extra skin on their necks, called scruff. When a mother lion picks up a cub by the scruff, the cub relaxes all its muscles to allow its mother to move quietly and not alert predators. Do you have a question for a zookeeper? Send it to hello@theweekjunior.com. Find out more about the Cincinnati Zoo in Ohio at cincinnatizoo.org.…

They do not yet have names, but dinosaurs that looked like massive birds seemed to have inhabited North America about 85 million years ago. Paleontologists (scientists who study fossils) discovered bones from at least two unknown species along Luxapalila Creek in what is now Mississippi. The dinosaurs could be the largest of their type found so far on the continent. The collection of fossils mainly included foot and leg bones. When scientists compared them to similar bones from other species, they matched ornithomimosaurs, reptiles that looked like ostriches with long front limbs, front claws, and tails. But based on the size of these bones, the creatures they belonged to would have been much larger than any ornithomimosaur previously found in North America. The researchers examined the structure of each bone…

Since it began on November 20, the 2022 FIFA World Cup has been delivering thrills—and heartbreak—to soccer fans around the globe. The final match is set for December 18, and when The Week Junior went to press, Argentina was waiting to find out which team they would face in the final: France (the defending champions) or Morocco (the first African country to ever qualify for a World Cup semifinal). Argentina made the finals by beating Croatia, 3–0, on December 13. Croatia was the World Cup runner-up in 2018 and ranked 12th this year, while Argentina was ranked third. In the match, Argentina’s star Lionel Messi scored the first goal on a penalty kick. With that, he became his country’s all-time leading World Cup goal scorer. Minutes later, Argentina’s striker Julián…

Coach’s Name: Alisa Karlsons Team: Gunston Soccer Club, Yellow Jackets “My mom is my coach and I love it. She has been coaching me since I was 5. Over the years, my best friends have joined the team. We may not be the best team, but we are pretty good. This year my mom led us to the championship. We lost in the last 15 minutes, which is sad, but we still had a really good time.” Annie, 9, Virginia To nominate a Coach of the Week, send your coach’s name, photo, sport, and team to. Include your name, age, state, and a few reasons why your coach is great.…

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory Filmmaker Tim Burton put his spin on the Roald Dahl story in 2005. When Charlie wins a tour of Willy Wonka’s factory, he discovers strange things happen inside. Fantastic Mr. Fox Award-winning director Wes Anderson made this 2009 stop-motion animation film. It follows Mr. Fox, who uses his smarts to save his family from three evil farmers. The BFG This 2016 film mixes live-action and computer-generated animation. When 10-year-old Sophie meets the Big Friendly Giant (BFG), the pair team up to try to stop other giants from taking over the human world.…

Puss in Boots: The Last Wish (In theaters December 21) The legendary sword-fighting cat from the Shrek films is down to the last one of his nine lives in this new animated movie. He sets out on an epic journey to find a mythical star that can restore his life count. With other characters searching for the star too, his mission won’t be easy. Snow Day (Paramount+) This new musical reimagines a comedy from 2000. It follows a group of kids who are thrilled when school is closed for a snow day. Hal seeks his crush’s attention, while his sister Natalie tries to stop the local plow driver from clearing the streets so there can be a second day off. Down to Earth with Zac Efron (Netflix) Actor Zac Efron…

Dork Diaries by Rachel Reneé Russell “Dork Diaries is about drama and dorks. Dork means being unique. In the story, the whole school wears fashion but Nikki Maxwell doesn’t. She has a diary but others don’t. There are 14 books in this series, which are about how Nikki survives middle school and protects herself from the drama queen MacKenzie Hollister. The writing makes you feel that you are in Nikki’s world.” Carissa, 8, California Do you have a book to recommend? Send your review to hello@theweekjunior.com.…

Ice skating is a popular winter activity. More than 9 million people in the US glide around the ice at least once a year. You don’t need much more than a pair of ice skates to participate. The activity provides great exercise and can be lots of fun to do with friends and family. Here’s how to get started. Choose your skates The two main types of ice skates are figure skates and hockey skates. They have slightly different blades at the bottom, but beginners can use either one to skate around a rink. Most skating rinks rent out skates for a small fee, or you could borrow a pair from a friend or relative. If you think you may be skating regularly, you could talk to an adult about…

MEND YOUR CLOTHES If you get a hole in a shirt or a pair of pants, you can try mending the clothing so you can keep wearing it. One way to do this is by sewing on a patch that covers the hole. Ask an adult if you can try it. Using fabric scissors, cut out a piece of fabric that is slightly larger than the hole. Place it over the hole, and secure it with pins. Using a needle and thread, sew stitches to secure the patch. To make a stitch, push the needle up through the clothing and the patch, then push the needle back down through the patch and clothing. Repeat until you’ve sewn stitches around all the edges. Knot the thread, cut the thread above the…

During a trip to the Bluewater Lakes in France, Andy Hackett, a fisherman from the UK, caught one of the world’s largest goldfish. The 67-pound fish, nicknamed “The Carrot,” was introduced to the lake 20 years ago as a challenge for people to catch. Because the fish usually avoids the water’s surface, it has rarely been hooked. Catching The Carrot was “sheer luck,” said Hackett. He spent 25 minutes reeling in the humongous fish, took a photo for proof, then released it back into the lake.…

This week it’s my honor to announce the grand prize winner of our Winter Cover Contest. You can see Ellery’s incredible drawing on our front cover and read what the judges had to say about her work on p16. Congratulations, Ellery! It is also my privilege to congratulate runners-up Clemence and Hadley (p16) and all our finalists (p17). To help us with the difficult task of choosing these honorees from the nearly 700 submissions we received, we were fortunate to have the help of our esteemed judges: award-winning authors and artists Kat Fajardo, Jeff Kinney, and Jo Rioux. Thank you to them! I am grateful, also, to Dean Abatemarco, creative director of The Week Junior and an artist himself, for overseeing the judging. As Dean told me, “Every child who…

“I loved making this edible slime on a snowy day!” Ellie, 11, Minnesota “I like to play tennis and basketball and read The Week Junior.” Kyler, 10, Louisiana “I love reading and collecting The Week Junior magazines! I read them every time I’m in the car!” Izzy, 9, Georgia…

Sign up and follow @theweekjuniorus on PopJam, a social media platform for kids 7–12. Ask an adult to download the app from iTunes or Google Play. We asked: What song did you most enjoy listening to this year? “‘Payphone’ by Maroon 5.” “‘Golden Hour’ is a really good one.” “Taylor Swift’s new album, Midnights. Her songs are so uplifting!” “I really like ‘Levitating’ by Dua Lipa.” In the big debate, we asked: Are climate protests going too far? “They are going too far because the Mona Lisa didn’t deserve to be covered in soup.” “No way. They are trying to stop something that’s becoming even worse by the second.” “We need to stand up for what we think is right, but vandalizing is not a good approach.” We want to…

The Orion spacecraft splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on December 11, marking a successful end to the Artemis 1 mission for NASA, the US space agency. NASA head Bill Nelson called the splashdown a “crowning achievement.” Orion launched on NASA’s powerful Space Launch System rocket on November 16. After traveling more than 1.4 million miles and flying within 80 miles of the Moon’s surface, the gumdrop-shaped capsule returned through Earth’s atmosphere and deployed a system of 11 parachutes before plunging into the ocean near Mexico’s Baja California region. A video of the landing is at tinyurl.com/TWJUS-OrionReturns. The splashdown occurred exactly 50 years after humans last landed on the Moon. Artemis 1 was the first step in NASA’s larger Artemis program to send people—including the first woman and the first…

On December 7, the White House held a meeting to discuss the rise in discrimination against Jewish people, known as antisemitism, that is occurring in the US. It was the first meeting on that topic ever held at the White House. What happened? The roundtable meeting was led by Doug Emhoff, the husband of Vice President Kamala Harris. He is the first person in US history to hold the title of Second Gentleman and the first Jewish spouse of a US President or Vice President. Jewish leaders, including rabbis and people from 13 Jewish groups, such as Jewish on Campus, attended. Government officials, including Deborah Lipstadt, special envoy to monitor and combat antisemitism, also participated. Why was the meeting held? US law enforcement officials have reported a rise in online…

Catalonia, Spain Villages welcome refugees Villages in Catalonia, Spain, are welcoming refugees (people forced to flee their home to escape danger). Government authorities are helping refugees to settle in small villages, ensuring that they have a home and a job. Under the new program, 24 refugee families so far have relocated. Orwa Skafe, who is from Syria and now lives in a mountaintop village in Tírvia, said, “I’m very happy here…I love nature.” Quesna, Egypt Mummies with gold tongues discovered Several mummies with golden tongues have been found in an ancient cemetery near Quesna, Egypt. Archaeologists (scientists who study objects left by people long ago) suspect Egyptians, who believed gods were made of gold, placed gold tongues on mummies so they could speak to Osiris, a god who ruled over…

Stanislaus National Forest, California The Stanislaus National Forest covers nearly 900,000 acres in northern California. It was founded in 1897, making it one of the oldest national forests in the US. The name comes from the nearby Stanislaus River. The forest is a popular spot for camping. There are 78 lakes and more than 800 miles of streams and rivers, and more than 1,000 miles of hiking trails. Visitors may spot reptiles, birds such as the calliope hummingbird, and the small mammals like squirrels and chipmunks that inhabit the area.…

Every winter in chilly locations worldwide, kids and adults participate in one of the earliest known art forms: creating people out of snow. A timeless art As far back as the Middle Ages (about 500 to 1500 CE), people were making snowmen. Art supplies were expensive, but snow was free. In 1494, the artist Michelangelo, then age 19, was commissioned to sculpt a snowman for Piero di Lorenzo de’ Medici, the ruler of Florence, Italy. A historian wrote that the courtyard of the Medici mansion was decorated with “a statue of snow, which was very beautiful.” During the brutal winter of 1511 in Brussels, Belgium, a festival was held to boost spirits. Citizens built 110 snowmen that expressed their fears and hopes, and the festival became known as the Miracle…

A newly discovered dinosaur species probably hunted like a penguin or duck in the water, researchers say. Natovenator polydontus had a body similar to the size and shape of a duck. Its 100 sharp teeth and long neck suggested that it ate fish, and its sleek body and flattened ribs would have made it well suited to diving and swimming. The fossil dates to the Upper Cretaceous period (about 100 million to 66 million years ago) and was found in Mongolia’s Gobi Desert, which contained some lakes and streams at the time. More research will be needed to confirm whether Natovenator was indeed one of the first non-bird dinosaurs to dive for its dinner.…

Researchers in Singapore and China have designed a new mouthguard that allows people who don’t have use of their hands to send text messages, control a wheelchair, or even play an electronic keyboard. The device has pressure-sensitive pads that the wearer activates by biting down. Each pad emits a certain color of light, which changes depending on where and how hard the wearer bites down. The light patterns are sent to a computer, which converts them into commands it can execute. The mouthguard is currently about 98% accurate.…

An animated short film based on the book The Boy, the Mole, the Fox, and the Horse is coming to Apple TV+ on December 25. It is about a boy who is lost and afraid but gets comforting wisdom from animals he meets as he looks for his home. British illustrator and artist Charlie Mackesy, the author of the book, co-wrote and co-directed the film. He said the original inspiration for his book came from drawings he made and sent to friends. He put them in a book so more people could enjoy them, and it became a bestseller. The story’s lessons, such as “Asking for help isn’t giving up. It’s refusing to give up,” didn’t come to Mackesy all at once, he told The Week Junior. “I just kept drawing…

Dragon Quest Treasures is a new role-playing game in the Dragon Quest series. It was recently released for the Nintendo Switch Dragon Quest launched in 1986 in Japan and came to the US in 1989 as Dragon Warrior. There are now 11 games in the main Dragon Quest series, as well as spin-off series and one-off games. The series’s turn-based gameplay, battle mode, and exciting quests influenced many other games, including Pokémon. There are TV shows, movies, comic books, and novels based on the story in the game. Dragon Quest Treasures is a prequel to the 11th game of the main series, Dragon Quest XI S. The new game explores the childhood adventures of side character Erik and his sister, Mia, who live on a Viking ship. After Erik frees…

What makes a good fantasy book for you? I like when there’s some kind of a link or bridge between the fantasy world and the world we live in. I like to be able to believe that a story could happen to me. What did you want to be when you were younger? An author, an astronaut, a flight attendant, a schoolteacher, a psychologist, and an advertising executive. What mythical creature do you wish were real? A pegasus—I love horses, and imagine a flying horse! How do you mark New Year’s Eve? I live in Australia, so I like to go to the harbor in Sydney to watch the fireworks at midnight. Favorite animal that lives in Australia? Kangaroos. I love seeing them in the distance, bouncing along.…

Dress in layers Start by putting on a base layer, such as leggings and a turtleneck. Then add a sweatshirt and sweatpants. Finally, put on snow pants and a winter coat. Wearing layers will help your body hold in warm air. Add accessories To keep cold air from getting through your layers, you’ll also want to wear a hat, gloves, warm socks, and boots. Tuck leggings into socks so your legs are covered. Put your gloves on before you put on your coat to ensure that your wrists are covered and don’t get cold. Keep moving When you’re outside, moving your body will create heat, keeping you warmer. If you start to feel cold from waiting your turn to use a sled, try doing some jumping jacks or jogging in…

December 21, 1913 First crossword puzzle is published On December 21, 1913, the first crossword puzzle was published in a US newspaper. Invented by a British farmer, the puzzle was called a “word-cross.” It was diamond-shaped with 32 words and didn’t have today’s “across” and “down” entries. It wasn’t a hit at first. Demand did not increase until a book of crossword puzzles was published more than 10 years later and sold 2 million copies.…

In the past, people who celebrated Christmas bought—or cut down—a fresh tree and decorated it with twinkling lights and ornaments. The crisp, clean scent of its needles and sap filled the living room. These days, however, often the only seasonal smell is the holiday cookies in the oven, because more and more people are buying artificial Christmas trees. Fake trees are made from materials such as metal, plastic, and wood. Their green needles don’t fade and fall off over time, and they can be stored for most of the year and reused. But some people say they don’t capture the holiday spirit. What do you think? Are fake Christmas trees better than real ones? Yes—fake trees are less harmful Chopping down trees harms the planet—at Christmas time or anytime. And…

Just like human infants, baby seals can learn and make new sounds—which most mammals cannot do. Is it possible baby seals have a sense of rhythm too? Biologists (scientists who study living things) wanted to find out. Rhythm, or flow, is a pattern of sound that can be repeated to a regular beat. Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in the Netherlands conducted a study to see if seals would react to rhythm. The team created three different musical sequences, each with a unique tempo (speed), length, and regularity (organization). The researchers played the sequences for 20 baby seals. They recorded how many times the seals turned their heads to look at the source of the music being played behind them. This indicated whether the seal found the…

Scientists have found the closest black hole to Earth discovered so far. Named Gaia BH1, it is three times closer to our planet than the previous closest known black hole. Gaia BH1 weighs about 10 times the mass of the Sun and is about 1,600 light-years (the distance light travels in one Earth year, about 6 trillion miles) from Earth in the Ophiuchus constellation (a group of stars in a pattern). A black hole is an area in space where gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape it. Most known black holes are active, which means they are absorbing gas from nearby stars. This forms a ring around the black hole that scientists can see in x-rays. However, Gaia BH1 is a dormant black hole, meaning it is…

For The Week Junior’s Winter Cover Contest, we invited readers to create a cover for the magazine that celebrates the season. We received nearly 700 submissions and were impressed by the creativity that went into all of them. The contest was judged by Editor-in-Chief Andrea Barbalich, Creative Director Dean Abatemarco, and award-winning children’s book creators Kat Fajardo, Jeff Kinney, and Jo Rioux. Fajardo is a cartoonist whose most recent book is the graphic novel Miss Quinces. Kinney is the creator of the best-selling Diary of a Wimpy Kid series. Rioux is an author and illustrator who launched her Cat’s Cradle book series this year. We thank our esteemed judges for sharing their time and expertise! Narrowing down the entries to the 10 finalists shown on these two pages and ultimately…

From December 8 to December 11, the International Skating Union (ISU) Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final was held in Torino, Italy. It featured many of the world’s top skaters and is one of the most important competitions of the year. Americans took home medals in men’s and women’s singles, pairs, and ice dance, which had never happened before in a Grand Prix Final. This fall, skaters took part in Grand Prix events and earned points based on their performances. The top six skaters in each discipline made the finals. Russia is banned from competitions due to the war in Ukraine, and skaters from China did not participate in the Grand Prix, so the finalists were mostly from Japan, the US, Canada, and Italy. In men’s singles, the competitors included…

Over the years, author Roald Dahl’s best-selling 1988 novel about a brilliant girl, Matilda, has been turned into a film and a stage musical. Now there is a movie based on the show. Netflix’s Matilda the Musical is currently playing in select theaters and will begin streaming on the platform on December 25. Fans of the book and previous adaptations of the story will notice some differences between those versions and the latest one, but the main plot is generally the same. In the new film, clever, book-loving Matilda (played in the film by Alisha Weir, now age 13) lives with her neglectful, self-absorbed parents. When she begins attending school at Crunchem Hall, she discovers it is run by a cruel principal, Miss Trunchbull. As Matilda makes friends and gets…

The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992) (Disney+) This musical-comedy is an adaptation of the Charles Dickens classic A Christmas Carol, which was published in 1843. It stars Kermit the Frog, Miss Piggy, The Great Gonzo, and other Muppets. The story follows greedy Ebenezer Scrooge (human actor Michael Caine), who works his employees too hard, despises Christmas, and refuses to help people in need. On Christmas Eve, Scrooge is visited by the Ghosts of Christmases Past, Present, and Future. The Ghost of the Past reminds Scrooge of a time when he was more innocent, and the Ghost of the Present shows him how his bitterness has hurt people in his town. The Ghost of the Future shows Scrooge the dark fate that awaits him because of his actions. Will he be inspired…

(Levine Querido) When Oscar comes across a mirror at a skate park that supposedly can take him to the best skate park ever, he tries it. He looks at himself in the mirror and is transported to a city of elves. There, he meets Imogen, who tells Oscar the city is under an evil spell. They must find nine pieces of a key from nine different people to break it. If they don’t, Oscar will be trapped in the elf world forever. Will he get home? The story is told from Oscar’s and Imogen’s point of view. Although this book is the fourth in the Kingdoms and Empires series, you can enjoy reading it without having read the previous ones.…

Winter Mazes: 30 Awesome Mazes By Clever Publishing, illustrated by Inna Anikeeva (Clever Publishing) The fun mazes in this book depict holiday and winter scenes. One maze challenges you to find a path for a skater to find a Christmas tree. In another, you must follow a sequence of ingredients to make a cup of tea. Ages 6–10 Adventure Journal: 50 Things to Try in the Winter By Kim Hankinson (Gibbs Smith) This book’s crafts, recipes, and other projects offer so much to do. You can make paper lanterns, gingerbread cookies, hot chocolate, and more. One of the book’s “Daily Dare” sections may inspire you to start writing a story of your own. Ages 8–12 Winter Games: Mad Libs By Roger Price, Leonard Stern, and Brian D. Clark (Mad Libs)…

When snow isn’t in the weather forecast, create your own version inside with this fun science experiment. 1. Mix ingredients. Fill a 16-ounce glass jar about two thirds of the way full with baby oil. In a separate bowl, mix a squirt of acrylic white paint with about ¼ cup of water and pour into the jar. Notice that the water sinks and the oil stays on top. 2. Make a storm. With an adult’s permision, break up an antacid tablet, such as Alka Seltzer, into small pieces, and drop two or three into the jar. The white water will bubble up through the oil, creating the look of a “snowstorm” for about 45 seconds. Drop another antacid into the mixture to see it again. 3. Know the science. The…

Word ladder To change the word LONG into the word HAIR, use each clue to fill in a word that is only one letter different from the word before it. If you get stuck, try solving from the bottom up. STEPPING STONES Each figure hides the seven-letter name of a mountain. To find each one, start anywhere and move in an unbroken path through letters that share a border (no jumping!), using each letter once. (NEED A HINT? Check the bottom of the page.) ANSWERS CAN BE FOUND ON PAGE 29. Spot the difference These two pictures of holiday ornaments appear to be the same, but take a closer look. There are actually five differences. Can you see them? DETOURS Draw one continuous path from START to END that goes…

A founding principle of the United States is that it’s a democracy—meaning that citizens hold the power to elect the people who govern them. As a reader of The Week Junior, you may have opinions about America’s democratic process. If so, we want to hear them! Go to kids.theweekjunior.com/activities to download a form, like the one at right. Fill it out, then have an adult email it to us at hello@theweekjunior.com. We’ll feature some of the submissions on this page in future issues. IT’S YOUR TURN Email your news, views, and photos to hello@theweekjunior.com.…

Teacher’s Name: Ms. Walker School: Vancouver School of Arts and Academics “I think Ms. Walker is the best orchestra teacher for many reasons. She is welcoming and funny, and she makes each class exciting and enticing. I had never played violin before this year, and she has built my confidence. I admire her dedication, and I hope to know her for a long time.” Anne, 12, Washington Nominate your teacher for Teacher of the Week! Send your reason for the nomination, a photo of your teacher, and your school’s name and address to hello@theweekjunior.com.…

1 A snowman named Bonhomme Carnaval greets visitors every year at a winter carnival in what country? a) Japan b) Canada c) Switzerland a ⬜ b ⬜ c ⬜ 2 What was the most commonly searched term on Google in 2022? 3 True or false? Baby seals can tell musical patterns apart without training. True ⬜ False ⬜ 4 In The Astonishing Chronicles of Oscar from Elsewhere, what object transports Oscar to a city of elves? a) A key b) A mirror c) A wardrobe a ⬜ b ⬜ c ⬜ 5 Noelia González is hosting a podcast for NASA in what language? 6 The fossils of large, bird-like dinosaurs were discovered in what US state? a) Mississippi b) Montana c) New Mexico a ⬜ b ⬜ c ⬜ 7…