Innholdsfortegnelse for No. 77 i The Week Junior

Name: Jamie Age: 11 Many of you may have read about the cyberattacks that happened all over the world on 12 May. One reader, 11-year-old Jamie, wrote an article about it. It was so well-written and thoroughly researched that we’ve decided to publish part of it here – along with some information that we’ve added. Thanks, Jamie! What happened? On Friday 12 May, the National Health Service (NHS) and other organisations across the world were hit by a cyberattack. A cyberattack is an attack on computers. What kind of attack was it? The NHS and other organisations were hit by a ransomware cyberattack. This meant that people working in these organisations couldn’t access information on their computers. Computers in 150 countries were affected. A ransom is a sum of money…

What’s your favourite type of apple? From the green, juicy Golden Delicious to the red Braeburn, there are all sorts available. However, customers are being warned that they may soon see ugly apples hitting the shelves. Alison Capper, from the National Farmers’ Union, has said that apples will have a different colour and may have shrunk in size because of the cold weather and frost last month.…

In coastal areas around parts of the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans, whales have been a valuable source of food and other useful substances for thousands of years. Whaling increased significantly in the Middle Ages (from around the 5th to the 15th century) when Europeans started to use oil made from whale fat to power lamps. Over the years the whale population fell dramatically as demand increased and whaling methods became more efficient. However, in the last century the whales’ decline has slowed down for two reasons – petrol and other fuels have replaced whale oil, and the International Whaling Commission has banned commercial whaling. Despite the ban, though, some countries continue to hunt whales. In March this year, a Japanese fleet killed 333 whales in the Antarctic Ocean, arguing…

Unusual blooms These flowers, on display in the Forest of Dean, are made from recycled rubbish. Hear me roar A dancer shows off their amazing tiger mask during a parade in Colombia. Bum’s eye view This spider is known as the alien butt spider, in honour of the face pattern on its backside. Make a splash Swimmers enjoy the Victoria Baths in Manchester, which opened to the public for the first time in 20 years. Night light The May full Moon, known as the flower Moon, illuminates a lighthouse in Whitley Bay. Cave explorers Brave cavers abseil deep into a vast underground cavern. Eat my dust This little squirrel lands head first in the sand, in South Africa. Giant attacks Not really. This is actually a sculpture on display at…

Typhoon FGR4 The incredible Typhoon fighter jet is one of the world’s most nimble aircraft. It’s used by the RAF, as well as armed forces around the world, and can travel at speeds of more than 1,300 mph. It was developed by a group of European countries – its design and production took 20 years. B-17 Flying Fortress One of the most famous planes of the Second World War, the Flying Fortress was used by US forces to drop bombs on enemy targets. The planes became famous for being well built because they could fly even after suffering terrible damage. Sopwith Pup N6161 This biplane (a plane with two sets of wings stacked one on top of the other) is more than 100 years old. It was used during the…

If you (or just as likely, your parents) end up hiding behind the sofa during scary episodes of Doctor Who, you may want to avoid a special edition of the recent Knock Knock episode. The BBC made a “binaural” version of the show to be watched online. This means that when you listen through headphones, the sound seems like it’s 3D, with creaks, groans and screams echoing around you. The BBC has called it “virtual reality for your ears”. The BBC’s research-and-development team created the technology behind it, deciding that the spooky house in Knock Knock was the best way to test it out. You can find the episode by searching for “Doctor Who Enhanced” on BBC iPlayer – but maybe keep a cushion handy. SCARIEST MONSTER According to a…

On Tuesday 9 May the US president, Donald Trump, fired the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), James Comey. The FBI is the US security and intelligence service. It investigates high-level crime and gathers information to help keep the country safe. In his letter to Comey, Trump said he was firing him because of the way Comey handled an investigation into Hillary Clinton’s use of her private emails last year. Hillary Clinton was Trump’s rival in the presidential election. In October 2016 the FBI announced, just 11 days before the election, that it would reopen an enquiry investigating emails leaked from Hillary Clinton’s server. An email server is a computer system that sends and receives emails. Clinton was said to have been using a private email server to…

Harry Potter author J.K. Rowling has urged fans not to buy a handwritten prequel, which was stolen from its owner’s home last month, if it is offered to them by the thieves. The 800-word script, set three years before Harry was born, was written by Rowling on both sides of an A5 piece of card. It was sold at auction in 2008 for £25,000 to raise money for charity. West Midlands Police have asked the public for information in the hope that Harry Potter fans worldwide will be able to help them track it down.…

Visitors to the Museum of London may be able to see trains whizz past through an underground tunnel, after museum bosses revealed that they want to build a see-through tunnel under the museum. Commuters travelling between Farringdon and City Thameslink will become part of the exhibition at the museum’s new site, at Smithfield market, when it moves there in 2022. The lead curator of the museum, Alex Werner, says that visitors will get a chance to see some of the city’s oldest tunnels and “uncover the hidden landscape beneath London” if the project goes ahead. Other plans for the museum include building a spiral escalator, creating a sunken garden and installing a well that goes all the way down to the River Fleet, which flows beneath the site. The museum…

Honey bee Bees are one of the planet’s most important pollinators. This means that they help flowers, fruits and vegetables reproduce. Each honey-bee colony is ruled by a queen who, during March and April, lays more than 2,000 eggs a day. ● LIFESPAN IN THE WILD: Queen honey bees can live for up to five years. During the summer, worker bees only survive for around 40 days. ● HABITAT: Honey bees live in hives or in nests in hollow trees, on every continent except Antarctica. ● DIET: They feed on a flower’s nectar, a sugary fluid, and pollen, which are tiny powdery grains. ● FUN FACT: Honey is produced when the honey bees regurgitate (bring up) the nectar collected from flowers. EARLIEST BEEKEEPERS There is evidence that ancient Egyptians kept…

In 2013, the remains of 15 members of an ancient human-like species called Homo naledi were found in the Rising Star caves, a system of caverns in South Africa. At the time, scientists believed the fossils were around two to three million years old, but now new fossil finds suggest that Homo naledi lived more recently than first thought. Around 100 metres away in a second chamber of the same caves, the remains of three more Homo naledi have been found: two adults and one child. The spectacular fossils, which include one of a well-preserved skull nicknamed Neo, are thought to be between 236,000 and 335,000 years old. This suggests that Homo naledi may have lived alongside Homo sapiens – modern humans. This is important because scientists previously thought that…

On 13 May, in front of a huge crowd at London’s famous Wembley Stadium, Manchester City won the Women’s FA Cup for the first time. Their 4-1 win against Birmingham City Ladies means that they are now the Women’s Super League, Continental Cup and Women’s FA Cup champions. The final was watched by 35,271 fans, which is a record for the competition. Lucy Bronze, Izzy Christiansen and Carli Lloyd all scored in the first half to give City a commanding 3-0 lead. Charlie Wellings netted for Birmingham in the 73rd minute before Jill Scott struck City’s fourth goal. Around 260 teams entered this season’s cup, and qualifying rounds began in September. Manchester City beat Reading, Bristol City and Liverpool to reach their first ever final. “To win the FA Cup…

ENTERTAINMENT NEWS Dahl’s tale to be told on screen You might already recognise English actor Hugh Bonneville from his role as Henry, the father of the Brown family in the film Paddington from a few years ago. It has now been revealed that Bonneville is set to play the famous children’s author, Roald Dahl, in a film about the writer and his wife. Although the film has not yet been named, it is already being compared with other films, such as Saving Mr. Banks, which tells the story of how Mary Poppins made it onto the big screen. It will be set in the 1960s, when Dahl was struggling to write some of his biggest hits, including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Fantastic Mr Fox. The filmmakers have not…

If you’ve been learning to code at school or at home, the chances are you’ve been doing it on a screen. Microsoft’s new Project Torino programming system takes a different approach. Developed here in the UK at the company’s Cambridge research labs, it involves plugging together physical “pods” to create programs. Although anyone can learn with the system, Microsoft hopes that Project Torino will be particularly good for children who are blind or partially sighted, as well as people with dyslexia (a learning difficulty that causes problems with reading and writing) or autism (a condition that affects how people communicate with the world). Project Torino is aimed at seven to 11-year-olds, and it is being tested first in the UK.…

What you need ● 2 cloves of garlic ● 1 tablespoon olive oil ● 1 tin of chopped tomatoes ● 1 teaspoon salt ● 1 teaspoon sugar ● Sharp knife ● Saucepan ● Tin opener Instructions This is a quick and easy way to make a tasty fresh pasta sauce for you and your family. First, finely chop the garlic cloves into tiny pieces. Put the oil into a pan and leave it to warm up for 30 seconds. Add the garlic to the oil and cook on a low heat for 1 minute – this will produce a garlic oil base for your pasta sauce. Use a tin opener to open the tomatoes (be careful not to cut yourself on the sharp edges) and add your tomatoes to the…

An ancient Egyptian cemetery known as a necropolis has been discovered eight metres underground near the city of Minya in the Nile valley in Egypt. At least 17 mummified bodies, mummified birds, six sarcophagi (ancient Egyptian coffins) and two clay coffins were among the artefacts uncovered. The amazing find, announced by the Egyptian antiquities ministry, is thought to be the first non-royal cemetery found in that area. The mummies, which are yet to be dated, were well preserved, suggesting that they belonged to officials and priests. The Egyptian ministry believes that the necropolis could date back to the Greco-Roman period in Egypt. This is a period that spans roughly 600 years and began with Alexander the Great’s conquest of Egypt in 332BC. Alexander the Great became king of Macedonia in…

With just under three weeks to go until voters head to the polls on 8 June, the political parties have been telling the public what they would do if they were voted into power. They have been setting out these ideas in pamphlets called manifestos. A manifesto contains a list of ideas that the party promises to introduce if it wins the election. Here’s what the three main political parties are promising. What is Labour promising? The Labour party’s manifesto was the first to be officially revealed, on 16 May. The party plans to spend more on schools and provide free school meals for all primary pupils, as well as pay university tuition fees for students. Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn also wants to renationalise the railways. This means he wants…

Nairobi, Kenya Children’s school protest Pupils at a school in Kenya’s capital city used desks and chairs to block a major road after their school was demolished without any warning on 13 May. The schoolchildren disrupted the morning rush-hour traffic on a busy highway, chanting, “We want our school!” It is thought that the school was knocked down because of a dispute over who owned the land where the building stood. Kiev, Ukraine Portugal takes the Eurovision title On 13 May, Portugal won the Eurovision Song Contest for the first time after 53 years of trying. Salvador Sobral, who is 27 years old, won the trophy with a ballad his sister wrote, called Amar Pelos Dois, which means for the both of us. On the night, he received 758 points…

Save water now to avoid summer drought How many times a day do you use water? From getting a glass of water to drink in the morning to brushing your teeth before bed at night, you’re often splashing it about. However, did you know that the UK has just experienced its driest winter for more than 20 years? It was the driest October–March period in this country since 1995–96. The south-east of the country was worst affected and only had a little over three quarters of its normal amount of rainfall during that time. The dry weather continued into April, when the UK received only half of the average rainfall expected for that month. Some farmers have reported that their crops are beginning to suffer because they haven’t had enough…

Orbiting the planet about 250 miles above the Earth’s surface is the International Space Station (ISS). Launched in 1998, the ISS has been a home to astronauts for more than 16 years. Last week, Nasa announced that in a few years, when the ISS has reached the end of its life, it could be blown up. Astronauts would prepare the ISS for an explosion, hailed as the world’s most spectacular demolition job, and the massive modules would burn up in the planet’s atmosphere. The bits would then fall into the Pacific Ocean, where a team would collect them. The demolition was just one of a few plans revealed by Ellen Stofan, who is Nasa’s chief scientist. Stofan said: “The funding (for the ISS) is there till 2024 but then it…

Name: Isobelle Year: 4 Stomach aches are not very nice. Pain is your body’s way of telling you that something is going on. Unless you’ve been hit in the stomach, it is often hard to tell the reason for stomach pains. Here are a few things that could be causing the trouble. One of the most common reasons for stomach pain is constipation (when it is difficult to poo). This can be very uncomfortable, but you can eat lots of vegetables and take medicine to get back to normal. Bacteria from spoilt food can cause pain in your tummy. This will usually be followed by being sick or having to go to the toilet a lot. Viruses that are passed from person to person can also cause stomach pain –…

For almost 100 years, the airfield at Duxford has been sending brave men and women into the sky. The air base was built during the First World War, and became a flight school for Royal Air Force (RAF) pilots. During the Second World War, it became vital as a home to some of the heroic Spitfire squadrons that defeated Germany’s attempts to weaken the UK through air attacks during the Battle of Britain. Now, the historic site belongs to the Imperial War Museum – but that doesn’t mean people have stopped flying from there. As a museum, IWM Duxford houses an incredible collection of fighter planes, bombers and tanks, as well as exhibitions that reveal the lives of some of the people who worked there. It also has two runways…

With the general election set to take place on 8 June, there will be plenty of debating going on in households all over the UK. Why not join in? Debating gives you a chance to discuss interesting issues, share opinions and make your voice heard. In an organised debate (at school, for example) two teams will be given a topic and told whether they have to argue for or against the question (called a motion). Each side prepares a speech and has a set length of time to speak. The two sides take it in turns, giving the ideas they have prepared and responding to what the other side have said. It’s important to have done your research so that you know what you’re talking about. Sometimes you may have…

“My name is Lithumi and I’m a Buddhist from Sri Lanka. I would like to tell you about a religious festival called Vesak, which happens every year on the day of the full moon in May. It is one of the happiest and biggest days in the Buddhist calendar. Lanterns are a popular sight all over Sri Lanka during Vesak, as it is known as the festival of light. People freely give food to each other, called dansala. On Vesak day, families prepare decorations like these big, paper lanterns and lots of other tiny, colourful lanterns. Buddhists go to temple and worship, offer flowers and sing songs. They wear white and reflect on the core teachings of Buddhism. ” What’s going on at your school? Have you taken part in…