FIVE LARGE emerging markets (EMs) need to sustain significant medium-term primary fiscal surpluses to stabilise the debt-to-GDP ratio – Brazil, Egypt, South Africa, Colombia, and Mexico, Oxford Economics said in a note yesterday. Most had scope to tackle ongoing fiscal challenges, but policies need to be stiffened, the note said. “Our comprehensive survey of our country economists covering 21 large EMs reveals fiscal risks are partially mitigated because those with the most urgent need for fiscal cuts also tend to be the ones with greater scope and the ability to implement them. Of the five with sustainability issues, only Brazil and Mexico have major obstacles to consolidation in 2024, in the form of elections.” Oxford Economics said most EMs had budgeted fiscal consolidation in 2024; but of these consolidators, outcomes…