West Coast architect Clifford May designed the first ranch in 1931, based on California’s Spanish colonial dwellings. Both the original colonials and May’s updated versions had sprawling, single-story footprints, gently sloped or flat roofs, and distinct horizontal lines.
Unlike the two-story or saltbox styles back East, the ranch had an open floor plan, with low or no walls separating kitchen, dining and living areas. Rear sliding doors oriented focus to the backyard, where the family relaxed on a patio or around a pool. Most ranches were under 1,300 square feet, but picture windows made them feel bigger.
The style suited warm climates, but posed problems in wet or cold areas—rain pools on a flat roof, and sprawling, single-story houses are harder to heat. But the design was adaptable, affordable and…