SALT, OIL, FLAVORINGS, AND ACID: These are the building blocks of a marinade, a solution in which raw meat, fish, or vegetables are infused for a period of time prior to cooking. They range from simple acidic liquids, such as wine (as seen in a saucy beef bourguignon) and buttermilk (hello, fried chicken), to more complex sauces like Mexican al pastor (p. 97), Chinese char siu (p. 99), and Italian salmoriglio (p. 97). Marinating food, as it turns out, is a nearly universal technique found throughout the world.
A marinade has two purposes: First, it adds flavor, and second, it lightly tenderizes food, mainly on its surface. Salt—whether sea salt or soy sauce—starts breaking down the protein network of meats and gently tenderizes them. This allows seasonings, such as…