To improve the appearance of their estates, some 18th-century landowners demolished the tumbledown cottages of their tenants and rebuilt them out of view of their country house. The results, intended to be replicated, were the first examples of so-called ‘model villages’. Examples include Oxfordshire’s Nuneham Courtenay and the picturesque Blaise Hamlet near Bristol.
Later, during the Industrial Revolution, as factories, mills and mines replaced agriculture, philanthropic industrialists settled their workers in self-contained communities nearby. Many of today’s biggest British household brand names were associated with these villages including Hartley’s, Unilever, Cadbury, Rowntree and Colman’s.
By the 20th century, with paternalism out of fashion, model villages returned to realising aesthetic visions, as at Portmeirion and Poundbury.
PORT SUNLIGHT
In 1888, William Hesketh Lever, founder of the consumer goods company Unilever, created…