Innholdsfortegnelse for 29th October 2021 i Guardian Weekly

Leslie Bricusse British composer and lyricist best known for his songs for Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, as well as the lyrics to several James Bond theme s. He died on 19 October, aged 90. Bernard Haitink Dutch former principal conductor of the London Philharmonic Orchestra who was among the most revered conductors of his generation. He died on 21 October, aged 92. Edita Gruberova Slovak opera singer who, over a 50-year career, became a leading exponent of the coloratura soprano repertory. She died on 18 October, aged 74. James Michael Tyler Actor known for playing Gunther in the hit TV sitcom Friends, who announced he had prostate cancer in 2018. He died on 24 October, aged 59.…

Journey’s end The giant puppet of a Syrian refugee girl has reached the UK, making her first stop in Folkestone, Kent, after walking thousands of kilometres across Europe. Little Amal was greeted by choirs and the actor Jude Law on the beach last Tuesday, after making the same cross-Channel journey taken by more than 17,000 people so far this year fleeing conflict, hunger and persecution. The 3.5-metre-tall puppet will complete its 14-week journey in Manchester on 3 November. UK Spotlight p22→…

What is Cop26? For almost three decades, world governments have met nearly every year to forge a global response to the climate emergency. Cop stands for conference of the parties, and the annual meetings have swung between fractious and soporific, interspersed with triumph (the Paris agreement in 2015) and disaster (Copenhagen in 2009). The 26th iteration, postponed by a year because of the pandemic, will be hosted by the UK in Glasgow. When? The conference will open on 31 October and more than 120 world leaders will gather in the first few days. They will then leave the complex negotiations to their environment ministers or senior officials. About 25,000 people are expected to attend the conference, which is scheduled to end at 6pm on Friday 12 November. Why do we…

Jair Bolsonaro should be charged with crimes against humanity and jailed for his “macabre” reaction to a Covid outbreak that has killed more than 600,000 Brazilians, including a disproportionate number of indigenous citizens, a congressional inquiry found last week. Two of the most dramatic accusations against the Brazilian president – murder and genocide of indigenous people – had been removed from a previous draft of the report on 19 October after talks between opposition senators serving on the inquiry. But the final draft suggests the committee will recommend Brazil’s populist president be charged with nine separate offences including charlatanism, incitement to commit crimes, the propagation of pathogenic germs, and crimes against humanity. The investigation, which Bolsonaro’s political rivals hope will wreck his chances of re-election, was set up in April…

‘People used to think I was crazy,” said Lonu Ahmed. “My mum thought I was insane. Fishermen used to beg me not to dive with sharks.” Ahmed lives on Fuvahmulah in the Maldives, an island surrounded by tiger sharks. Fishermen would regularly kill them. Ten years ago, however, believing the sharks were misunderstood, Ahmed jumped into the water, to the horror of onlookers. He said he saw something they didn’t. “Every day, fishermen in the market threw tuna scraps into the harbour,” he recalled. “I noticed the tiger sharks came to eat but never hunted the live fish, only the dead fish. I’ve never been afraid of sharks and knew the shark’s job was to clean the ocean. I wanted to be close to the sharks, to see them face…

Public trust has been eroded too many times John Harris’s excellent article (“Soon the reality of leaving the EU will be too hard to ignore”, Opinion, 22 October) was extremely sobering. “What happens,” he asks, “when some watershed is reached, and the fact that people were conned becomes inescapable?”, linking the way public trust was undermined by the Iraq war and by Brexit. Both before war was declared on Iraq, and before Brexit was enacted, 1 million people marched through London in opposition. The governments of the day ignored them. The consequences of the Iraq war and Brexit are now all too clear. We should not have made war; we should not have left Europe. As John Harris says: “People in the political mainstream – by which I chiefly mean…

QUIZ Thomas Eaton 1 Which conflict was sparked by a row over rifle cartridges? 2 Where was the Chirp font introduced in August? 3 Reggaeton music originated on which island? 4 Florence Lawrence was claimed to be the first what? 5 The Titan arum flower has what gruesome nickname? 6 Which country dropped “Trans” from its name in 1949? 7 Which novelist was Europe’s top student debater? 8 What knowledge is contained in the Blue Book? What links: 9 To be cognisant; Japanese theatre; handless villain? 10 Qibla; mihrab; minbar; minaret? 11 Bilgewater; Ixtal; Noxus; Piltover; the Void? 12 Judith Sheindlin; Julius O’Riordan; Robert Rinder? 13 Bayonne; Black Forest; Speck; York? 14 In Another Land (bassist); Happy and You Got the Silver (guitarist)? 15 Denali; Kosciuszko; Kilimanjaro; Elbrus; Vinson? PUZZLES…

We have just a decade left to prevent catastrophic heating, so what happens over the next two weeks at Cop26 in Glasgow is of existential importance to us and to every creature on Earth. As world leaders and, more crucially, their teams of negotiators prepare for the UN summit, our extended big story looks at what is at stake if determined action isn’t taken to make good on the promises of the Paris climate agreement. Greta Thunberg calls for honesty and clear leadership from politicians about what is at stake, while we also feature young activists from climate change frontlines and find out how they are fighting for their future. And a US report warns of the political and economic instability global heating will bring in its wake. The big…

PRIMATOLOGY Singing lemurs have a human sense of rhythm, study finds They have fluff years, a penetrating stare and a penchant for monogamy. But it turns out that indris – a large, critically endangered species of lemur – have an even more fascinating trait: an unexpected sense of rhythm. Indri indri are known for their distinctive singing, a sound not unlike a set of bagpipes being stepped on. Now scientists say they have analysed the songs of 39 indris living in the rainforest of Madagascar, revealing that – like humans – the creatures employ what are known as categorical rhythms. “They are quite predictable [patterns], because the next note is going to come either one unit or two whole units after the previous note,” said Dr Andrea Ravignani, co-author of…

Cop26, which begins in Glasgow on Sunday, may involve world leaders, cost billions of dollars, generate reams of technical jargon and be billed as the last chance to prevent calamitous global heating but, at its simplest, the climate conference is a debate about dialling up or dialling down risk. Dialling up 1.1C The world has heated up by about 1.1C since the Industrial Revolution. Even at this level, delegates no longer need to read scientific studies to understand how 200 years of emissions, exhaust fumes and tree burning have destabilised the climate. All they have to do is look out the window. The host city, Glasgow, has sweltered through its hottest summer on record. Globally, in the summer of 2021, there were record temperatures, fires and floods, killing hundreds in…

The climate crisis is likely to intensify cross-border clashes, aggravate conflicts over water and migration and cause instability, especially in developing countries, in ways that could threaten global security, the Biden administration warned last Thursday. A clutch of simultaneously released reports by the White House, the US intelligence community and the Department of Defense paint a grim picture of the raft of security and humanitarian disasters that could strike at once as climate disaster continues to set in. They warn that rising temperatures and extreme physical effects are likely to lead to conflicts over water and to the displacement of tens of millions of people over the next 30 years, including in the US where sea-level rise, drought and wildfires are already a menace to communities. In one of the…

Joe Buglass tried 46 times to call his GP about booking a Covid booster jab last Wednesday. “The phone was just ringing and ringing,” he said. He had tried several times over the previous six weeks, since getting an NHS text message. Buglass, who runs a property maintenance business in Newcastle, is clinically vulnerable because he donated a kidney. When he finally got through, he was told he was ringing the wrong people. Eventually, someone rang him back. “They told me that because the clinics were finishing this Sunday, they didn’t have any bookings for the next few weeks,” he said. He was incredulous. “Where do I go from here?” He was later offered a booster jab for last Sunday after a cancellation. “They said because of the Covid cases…

The Colombian state has been found responsible for the kidnap, torture and rape of a prominent journalist who was abducted while reporting on her country’s civil war, in a landmark ruling Jineth Bedoya, who has been pursuing justice for more than 21 years, was recognised by the inter-American court of human rights last week as having suffered “grave verbal, physical and sexual aggressions” for which the state was responsible. Only three of her attackers had faced justice, receiving sentences in Colombian courts in 2019. While her legal team celebrated the news, Bedoya tweeted: “18 October 2021 goes down in history as the day when a fight – which began over an individual crime – led to the vindication of the rights of thousands of women who are victims of sexual…

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES ARE SHATTERING LONG-HELD BELIEFS ABOUT EARLY SOCIETIES – AND HINT AT POSSIBILITIES FOR OUR OWN In some ways, accounts of “human origins” play a similar role for us today as myth did for ancient Greeks or Polynesians. This is not to cast aspersions on the scientific rigour or value of these accounts. It is simply to observe that the two fulfil somewhat similar functions. If we think on a scale of, say, the past 3m years, there was a time when someone, after all, did have to light a fire, cook a meal or perform a marriage ceremony for the first time. We know these things happened. Still, we really don’t know how. It is very difficult to resist the temptation to make up stories about what might…

The film’s recurrent shot is of a man walking out of or into a forbidding pool of darkness and we’re made to experience a world steeped in corruption, dishonesty and moral decay with no immediate hope of redemption. It intertwines five separate stories. Only occasionally do we glimpse the organisation’s kingpins or the carabinieri and there are only hints of the politicians, judges and professional people in league with this criminal activity.…

A pandemic is a political event. It exposes who is vulnerable and who can afford to escape, who is prioritised for treatment and who is neglected. The politics of a pandemic are both large-scale and intensely personal. H ow we behave towards each other, what balance is struck between safety and freedom, how blame is distributed, what a country considers an acceptable level of illness and death: questions that may once have been philosophical have become frighteningly real. In Britain, the politics of Covid have been thought about and discussed almost entirely in party terms: the relative caution and competence of the SNP government in Scotland and its Labour counterpart in Wales; the recklessness and lethal mistakes of the Conservatives in England, and whether Labour can make the Tories pay…

A good illustration of Elton John in 2021 is how, last week, he scored the eighth UK No 1 single of his career and also had his right hip replaced. The 74-year-old certainly has his frailties – “my left hip is the hip of a two-year-old, and my right hip is the hip of a 92-year-old” – but is youthful in other ways. His enormously enjoyable and varied new album, The Lockdown Sessions, may feature a range of boomer-pleasing names, such as Eddie Vedder, the late Glen Campbell and two A-list Stevies (Wonder and Nicks), but there are also plenty of pop artists that could feasibly incite a TikTok dance craze: Dua Lipa, Lil Nas X, Rina Sawayama. One song pairs John with country singer Jimmie Allen over a drum’n’bass…

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The UN secretary general, António Guterres, called the recent IPCC report on the climate crisis a “code red” for humanity. “We are at the verge of the abyss,” he said. You might think those words would sound some kind of alarm in our society. But, like so many times before, this didn’t happen. The denial of the climate and ecological crisis runs so deep that hardly anyone takes notice any more. Since no one treats the crisis like a crisis, the existential warnings keep on drowning in a steady tide of greenwash and everyday media news flow And yet there is still hope, but hope all starts with honesty. Science doesn’t lie. If we are to stay below the targets set in the 2015 Paris agreement – and thereby minimise…

Countries that produce coal, oil, beef and animal feed have been lobbying to water down a landmark UN climate report, according to a leak of documents seen by Greenpeace’s investigation team. Days before Cop26, the international climate change negotiations taking place in Glasgow, the leaks show fossil fuel producers including Australia, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Japan are lobbying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to remove recommendations that the world needs to phase out fossil fuels. According to the documents, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (Opec), whose members include Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela, also backed weakening the report’s recommendations on fossil fuels. Meanwhile, large meat and dairy producers such as Brazil and Argentina reportedly attempted to change messages about the climate…

UNITED STATES Are Democrats losing patience with Biden? Page 31 → In a small urban park on Yong Kang Jie, the Taipei street famous for its cuisine, an elderly woman leans across the frame of her friend’s parked bicycle and shouts: “Taiwan is an independent country!” It’s an otherwise quiet autumn morning. Children play on a nearby slide, and a young mother enjoys a takeaway bento box. But here, in a spontaneous speakers’ corner, a hot topic is being debated. The diminutive septuagenarian’s eyes flash above her medical mask as she continues, having just interrupted a friend, Lin, who had been urging that Taiwan – and its people – should not argue, lest it provoke China to up the ante of what she terms 70 years of bullying. “Definitely ours, not…

By rights, these should really be what we might euphemise as Donald Trump’s “hidden years”. Though he might not have been expected to descend immediately to full late-era Howard Hughes – four-inch fingernails and tissue boxes on his feet – the aesthetics of this third act in Trump’s American life felt promisingly tragicomic. The 45th president would live out an excruciatingly undignified post-office twilight down at Mar-a-Lago, railing like some 19th-hole Lear about his lost kingdom, shuffling his sad buffet tray of trans fats along the line in the communal restaurants of his home/tacky-members’-club hybrid, and grabbing the mic at weddings held on the premises to assure bemused guests that he was days, maybe even hours, away from securing gamechanging recounts in this or that state. The somewhat confounding thing…

Coral reefs, like tropical rainforests, have a special place in natural history. Covering just 0.2% of the ocean floor, they are home to around a quarter of all sea species. Because of this fecundity, and their flamboyant array of colours, shapes and sizes, reefs are rightly understood as wonders of the world. Reports of their destruction carry a painful sting. Pictures of bleached coral are disturbing – their whitened, empty forms a warning of nature’s wider decline. There is now around half the amount of coral that there was in the 1950s. Rising sea temperatures, coastal and marine developments, overfishing and pollution all expose these highly sensitive environments to acute stress. While a bleached reef can seem permanently lost, if conditions are right it can recover naturally. If the cause…

Theaster Gates likes to get his hands dirty. His two London exhibitions (one has just closed) are dedicated to clay, and in one there’s a film of him singing with great gusto as he throws a pot. So it feels a shame not to be meeting one to one, but via laptop. The artist decided at the last minute to stay at home in Chicago while the shows were mounted, directing things on Zoom. (Although he did finally ma ke it to the UK.) “I’m really mindful of my health and of the truth of these contagious times,” he tells me. “I just wanted to give myself time to be in the best shape so my body would be as resistant as possible. Even if the world is opening up,…

It was the middle of the night when my wife and I woke to the sound of rustling: mice had broken into our flat. For a few days, we tolerated the presence of our new roommates, admiring their lightning speed and their fabulous ability to find hidden chocolate. However, we tired of their presence, the sprinkled droppings, the gnawed wires. Reluctantly, I laid down some spring traps. After a night of pops and squeaks, I surveyed the scene: one had been caught by his snout, black eyes bulging and lifeless. It felt like an awful act of betrayal, one that was incommensurate to the offence of trespass. Anyone who has considered the messy ethics of the mousetrap will appreciate Mary Roach’s Animal Vegetable Criminal, a provocative and engaging exploration of…

My 22-year-old son is about to start his third year of a four-year degree course, and he is living at home. He has always been quiet and introverted, but popular. Three years ago, when challenged by one of his sisters as to why he never tells us anything, he confided that he had been suffering from anxiety and feeling worthless. I felt sad for him, and powerless. We also discovered that he was smoking cannabis. I threatened to throw him out if he didn’t stop. There have been times when he has barely come out of his room, and others when he’s been better. He has tried antidepressants, at my suggestion. I have also advised that he see a counsellor, and he has done so; he says it has been…

Prep 10 min Prove 1 hr 30 min Cook 1 hr 10 min Makes 1 x 1lb loaf Ingredients 80g unsalted butter250ml whole milk50g malt extract, or black treacle7g instant yeast300g strong white flour120g wholemeal flour½ tsp fine saltVegetable oil, for greasing40g walnuts, roasted and roughly chopped50g milk chocolate, roughly chopped This loaf is designed to be eaten sliced, griddled and generously buttered with good-quality salted stuff. It stands up really well on its own, but also works really nicely topped with nut butter and sliced banana. It’s important that the walnuts are roasted beforehand, because that helps improve their texture inside the bread. Add the mix after the first prove and feel free to switch the milk chocolate for dark or the walnuts for another nut, if you prefer.…