Some five billion people around the world lack access to affordable, safe surgery. To help close that health-care gap, Mount Sinai Hospital, working in collaboration with New York–based Kliment Halsband Architects, has debuted Uganda’s Kyabirwa Surgical Facility: an innovative prototype that can be replicated worldwide. Modular, locally sourced, and entirely self-sustaining, the building is also attractive, with façades of red-clay tiles and patterned bricks, and an undulating steel-frame roof. (Its shape references local banana plants.) “Simplifying the project, identifying essential elements, and eliminating the rest were key,” says architect Frances Halsband, who toured high-tech operating suites in Manhattan to determine the best medical equipment, systems, and program. Solar panels and an on-site generator allow the facility to exist anywhere, while a gray-water system recycles rainwater. For Halsband, distance only made…